Training Load
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Training load refers to the cumulative stress an athlete experiences during exertion.
External load refers to the quantifiable metrics of a training session.
Internal load refers to the physiological and psychological responses to the workload.
Training Load Components

* External Training Load:
→ Distance;
→ Intensity;
→ Weight;
→ Repetitions and Sets;
→ Training Frequency;
→ Duration;
→ Rest Periods
* Internal Training Load:
→ Heart Rate;
→ Heart Rate Variability;
→ Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE);
→ Muscle Soreness;
→ Muscle Fatigability;
→ Stress Response
* Training Load Benefits:
→ Real-Time Monitoring;
→ Quick Recovery Test;
→ Remote Training and Recovery;
→ Data Export;
→ API Integration;
→ Daily Stress and Sleep Analytics;
→ Movement Load and Intensity;
→ Prevent Overload and Overtraining;
→ Optimizing Performance;
→ Personalized Training

The Acute Chronic Workload Ratio [ACWR] is a ratio used in sports science to assess the balance between an athlete’s recent training load [acute workload] and their training load over an extended period [chronic workload].
ACWR is a metric used to assess training load and injury risk. It is calculated by dividing an athlete’s acute workload by their chronic workload.
A ratio between 0.8 and 1.3 is generally considered the “sweet spot” for training, indicating a balance between fatigue and fitness, while ratios above 1.3 or below 0.8 can signal increased injury risk or undertraining.
* Methodology:
→ Acute Workload: This represents the “fatigue” component of training, measuring the load or effort completed in a short timeframe;
→ Chronic Workload: This reflects the “fitness” component, indicating the athlete’s sustained fitness level during a specific time – usually a 3-6 weeks;
→ The Ratio: By comparing the recent load [acute] to the long-term average [chronic], the ACWR helps coaches and athletes understand how quickly their training load is changing. The ACWR is calculated by dividing the acute and chronic workloads.
* Ratio Metrics:
→ Optimal Training: A ratio between 0.8 and 1.3 (or 1.0-1.2 in some models) suggests the athlete is well-prepared, building fitness, and minimizing injury risk;
→ High Injury Risk: A ratio above 1.3 or 1.5 may indicate the training load is increasing too rapidly, potentially overloading the body and increasing the risk of injury;
→ Undertraining: A ratio below 0.8 could suggest the athlete is undertraining or not sufficiently building their fitness base, which can also lead to injury when sudden increases in load occur.
* Importance:
→ Injury Prevention: The ACWR is a tool for coaches to manage training loads and prevent load-driven injuries, helping athletes avoid the pitfalls of rapid spikes or decreases in training;
→ Performance Optimization: By monitoring the ACWR, coaches can balance training to foster adaptation and improve performance while minimizing the risk of preventable injuries;
→ Training Load Management:
Assists coaches and athletes to understand if they are training too hard or too little compared to their previous training history.
The ACWR is a method for coaches and athletes to assess and manage training load effectively in the spirit of preventing injuries and optimizing performance.
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